Acne Management: An Informative Guide

Understanding Acne 

Acne is the medical term used to describe the skin condition that results in the formation of pimples or lesions. 

This occurs when skin pores become clogged with dead skin cells and excess oil (sebum). The trapped material provides an environment for the growth of bacteria, leading to inflammation (redness and swelling). 

Self-Care Strategies for Reducing Acne 

Effective daily habits are crucial for managing acne breakouts. Here is a recommended self-care strategy: 

• Gentle Cleansing (Maximum Twice Daily): Use lukewarm 

(not hot) water and a mild, non-soap facial cleanser. Avoid harsh scrubbing, as aggressive washing can exacerbate acne and potentially damage the skin barrier. 

• Avoid Manipulation: Do not pick or squeeze pimples. This practice can worsen inflammation, introduce infection, and significantly increase the risk of scarring.
• Evaluate Products: Avoid heavy, oil-based makeup and skin products, as they are often pore-clogging. When selecting a facial moisturizer or cosmetic, choose products explicitly labeled as "non-comedogenic," meaning they are formulated not to block pores. 

Non-Prescription Treatment Options 

For individuals with mild acne, non-prescription (over-the-counter or OTC) products can be highly effective. Key active ingredients to look for include: 

• Benzoyl Peroxide: Targets and kills acne-causing bacteria.
• Salicylic Acid: Acts as a chemical exfoliant to gently unclog pores.
• Adapalene: An effective topical retinoid that supports healthy skin cell turnover. 

Prescription and Advanced Treatments 

If OTC solutions do not provide sufficient improvement, consult a physician or dermatologist. Treatment is often a personalized process involving trial and error to find the most effective combination of therapies. 

Prescribed treatments may include: 

Topical Medicines (Applied to the Skin) 

These are available in gel, cream, or lotion formulations: 

• Retinoids (e.g., Tretinoin): Essential for preventing new lesions by normalizing skin cell turnover and maintaining clear pores.
• Topical Antibiotics & Benzoyl Peroxide: Used to reduce bacterial presence and decrease inflammation within existing lesions.
• Dapsone Gel: May help manage acne by simultaneously reducing inflammation and bacteria. 

Oral Medicines (Pills) 

These are typically reserved for moderate to severe cases: 

• Oral Antibiotics: Systemically reduce bacteria and inflammation. Due to their potency, they are prescribed for limited durations and carry a higher potential for side effects.
• Hormonal Treatments (For Females): Medications like oral contraceptives (birth control pills) or Spironolactone can be effective by modulating the hormones that contribute to acne development.
• Isotretinoin (Oral Retinoid): Highly effective for severe, recalcitrant acne. Crucial Note: This is a potent medication associated with serious side effects and presents a significant risk to a developing foetus. Patients who may become pregnant must adhere to very strict safety regulations. 

In-Office Procedures 

Supplemental treatments often combined with daily medication: 

• Chemical peels
• Special light or laser treatments 

Planning Ahead: Pregnancy Concerns 

If you are planning to conceive, it is essential to consult with your physician prior to discontinuing contraception or beginning to try for pregnancy. Many medications used in acne treatment are not considered safe for use during pregnancy. 

Does diet have any contribution to acne? 

Foods high in refined carbohydrates and dairy, like white bread, sugary drinks, cow’s milk have been linked to flare-ups. 

On the contrary, diets rich in anti-inflammatory foods like fish, fruits, vegetables may help.